The Main Defects of China’s Command Economy 代写

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    • — Presentation Outline
    —Defination of a Command Economy
    —Examples of Command Economy Countries
    —History of China During the Command Economy Period
    —Progress CCP Made Under Command Economic System
    —The Major Defects of China’s Command Economy
               1. Foreign Trade and Investment
               2. Inefficencies of Industries
               3. Food Scarcity
               4. Unequal Wages Distribution for Higher Educated People
    —After the Reform in 1978
    —Conclusion
    —References
    —Defination of a Command Economy
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    — A command economy, which is also known as planned economy, is a economic system that allocates inputs directly (Mandel 1986, 5-37).
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    —Examples of Command Economy Countries
    —It Includes but not limited to communist countries such as the former Soviet Union, Cuba, North Korea and China during 1949-1978.
    —Countries that are not ruled by communist governments such as Iran and South Korea (1962-2000s) (Park 2000).
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    —History of China During the Command Economy Period
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    —In 1949, CCP (Chinese Communist Party) won the Chinese civil war and built the People’s Republic of China.  They started a vertical hierarchical planned economic system (Hasegawa 2014, 182-183).
    —The command economic system continued working until the reform initiated after 1978.

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    —Progress CCP Made Under Command Economic System
    —In the early 1950s, CCP made great progress in setting up state sector industries, managerial expertise and a higher education system geared to fast economic growth with the assistance of the Soviet Union (Hasegawa 2014, 182-183).
    —World Bank estimates that during 1950-1975 China’s average annual growth was 4.2% in per capita GNP (Brandt & Rawski 2008). During the time of command economy, China outperformed other develping countries induding Brazil, India, Mexico, Egypt and Indonesia (Morawetz 1978, 19-21).
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    The Major Defects of China’s Command Economy
    —Lack of Foreign Trade and Investment
    —China used to play a very small role in the global trades. It had nearly no foreign investment and very weak global competitive power.
    —Its foreign trade was only a supplement to ‘make good’ demostic deficiencies (Hasegawa 2014, 182-184).
    —Inefficencies of Industries
    —Emphasis on quantity with a high expense in quality and assortment.
    —Focus on investment rather than consumer products and neglect of consumer requirements (Brandt & Rawski 2008).
    —Lack of innovation in managerial knowledge and technology (Rawski 1980). 
    —Food Scarcity
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    —30-40 million Chinese died in the man-made famine of 1959-1961.
    —Food shortage continued until the reform in late 1980s (Brandt & Rawski 2008).
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    —Unequal Wages Distribution for Higher Educated People
    —By the end of the command economy period, education-linked wage payments differentials had basicly vanished (Brandt & Rawski 2008).
    —The average wage payment in the catering business were more than the one in higher education (Hou 1999, 184-185).
    —After the Reform in 1978
    —Conlusion
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    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPsfyhxPRXM
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    —References

    —Mandal, Ernest. 1986. “In Defence of Socialist Planning.” New Left Review 159: 5-37.
    —Park, P.H. 2000. "A Reflection on the East Asian Development Model: Comparison of the South Korean and Taiwanese Experiences.” edited by Frank-Jurgen Richter. 141-168. London: Macmillan Press.
    —Hasegawa, Harukiyo and Noronha, Carlos. 2014. Asian Business and Management: Theory, Practice and Perspectives. 2nd ed. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
    —Brandt, Loren,  and Rawski G. Thomas. 2008. China's Great Economic Transformation. New york: Cambridge University Press.
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    —Morawetz, David. 1978. Twenty-five Years of Economic Development, 1950 to 1975. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
    —Cai Zhenhua. “With the great support of the Soviet Union, and our own greatest strength, we will realize the industrialization of our nation step by step!” 1953. Landsberger collection. http://chineseposters.net/posters/e15-590.php.
    —Rawski G. Thomas. 1980. China’s Transition to Industrialism: Producer Goods and Economic Development in the Twentieth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
    —Hou Fengyun. 1999. Zhongguo renli ziben xincheng ji xianzhuang [Formation and Present Circumstances of Human Capital in China]. Beijing: Jingji kexue chubanshe.
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