根据索洛模型，这些发达国家的人口，他们的人均资本率高得多的增长率较低。因此，发达国家的人均资本收益率要比发展中国家低得多，这导致了资本从最富裕国家流向贫困国家。
在基本的索洛模型，资本积累无法解释长期经济增长。储蓄虽然经济制度稳定，但暂时增加了经济增长。之后，人口增长被纳入模型来解释经济的持续增长。在稳定的情况下，经济以人口增长速度增长。而外部因素，技术，则是为了保持经济的长期增长。但在罗默模型，人口增长是不重要的。更多的因素被看作是内生的，如技术和知识，促进经济发展。持久的增长来自于这些内生因素。这两种模式不同。
经济周期的主要指标是用来预测一个国家的经济和经济周期的变化的指标。通过对这些主要指标的分析，商业人士可以预测经济将经历的经济周期。这将使他们提前安排业务，增加利润，避免风险。
对于一个小的出口导向型经济的领先指标，可用于（全国采购经理协会）的指标，具有制造业绩在过去和预测未来的经济活动，以及变化的库存，这表明在总需求预测未来经济的变化。
股票市场是否是经济周期的主要指标取决于经济状况。如果市场是完美的，所有的信息都可以在股票市场上展示，而不是用来预测经济的未来。但是在那些股票市场受政府本身而不是市场影响很大的国家，股票的表现却有曲折。它不可能是商业周期的主要指标。
4、家庭和国家的借贷规则不同。首先，目标是不同的。对于国家来说，借款是为了长远发展，出于某些政治原因，通常债务数额很大。对于一个家庭来说，这可能只是暂时的支持。第二，国家做出的决定不仅仅是家庭的结合。存在着个体理性和集体非理性现象。完美的家庭规则不一定适合全国。
悉尼经济学assignment代写:索洛经济模型
As is shown in the diagram, the growth rates of the population are respectively n 1and n2, and n2> n1. An increase of the growth rate of population from n 1to n2 shifts the line upward. As a result, the steady state of the economy has a lower level of capital per worker which is k*2. And the initial level of capital per worker is k*1. So it becomes obvious that the economies with a higher growth rate of population will have a lower level of capital per worker and therefore lower incomes. The level of output per worker y=f (k*2) is lower. Thus in the Solow model, the economies with higher growth rate of population will have a level of GDP per person.
(b)
According to the Solow model, those developed countries have lower growth rate of the population which means they have much higher rates of capital per worker. So the profit of per capital is much lower in developed countries than in developing countries, which leads a flow of the capital from the richest countries to poor ones.
2、(a)
In basic Solow model, the accumulation of capital can't explain the enduring economic growth. The saving increases the economic growth temporarily though at last the economic system comes to a stable situation. After that, the population growth is included in the model to explain the enduring growth of the economy. In the stable situation, the economy grows at the speed of the population growth. And the exogenous factor, technology, is supposed to keep the economy grow in the long tern. But in Romer model, the population growth is less important. More factors are taken as endogenous such as technology and knowledge which promote the economy. The enduring growth is owned to those endogenous factors. Those are different in the two models.
(b)
One pattern is that many countries not only enjoy the long term growth of the economies but also the enduring increase of the living standard, which can’t be explained by the Solow model even the population growth is included.
The high saving rate is supposed to explain temporary growth of the economy in the Solow model. But China has witnessed a great economic development in the long term which does not consist with the theory.
3、(a)
The leading indicators of the business cycle are indicators used to forecast the changes of the economy and the business cycle in one country. By analysing those leading indicators, the business men may predict the phrase of the business cycle the economy will go through. This will allow them to arrange their business in advance, make more profit and avoid risks.
For a small export oriented economy, the leading indicators can be the NAPM (The National Association of Purchasing Managers) index, which exhibits the manufacturing performance in the past and predicts the future economic activity, and changes in the inventories, which indicates the changes in the aggregate demand predicting the future economy.
For a large economy with small exports, the leading indicator can be the fixed investment. It represents the change in the stock of installed capital in the economy.
(b)
Whether the stock market is a leading indicator of the business cycle depends on the situation of the economy. If the market is perfect and all the information can be exhibited in the stock market, than it can be used to predict the future of the economy. But in those countries which stock markets are affected greatly by the governments themselves not the markets, then there are twists in the performance of stocks. It can’t be the leading indicators of the business cycle.
4、The rules of borrowing and debts for families and countries are different. Firstly, the objectives are different. For countries, it borrows for the long term development and for some political reasons, and usually the debts are in a large amount. While for a family, it may just for a temporary support. Secondly, the decisions made by the country are not just a combination of families. There is an individual rationality and collective irrationality phenomenon. The perfect rules for families are not definitely suitable for the whole country.
