代写assignment BSB113 Economics Semester 2 2016

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  • 代写assignment BSB113 Economics Semester 2 2016
     
    BSB113 Economics Semester 2 2016
    Assessment 2: Research essay
    Maximum word count 1400 words
    Submission date
    Monday 26th September 12 noon/mid-day (when the sun is out!!)
    THROUGH SafeAssign VIA THE BSB113 BLACKBOARD WEBSITE
    SEE BB ASSESSMENT 2 FOLDER FOR DETAIL
    Please note that you are only required to submit an e-copy of your work through SafeAssign via the BSB113
    Blackboard website.
    This document contains important information about your assessment. You will need to read it carefully to
    understand what is required. In addition to reading this document you are strongly advised to read the
    “Frequently asked Questions about Assessment 2” document (refer to the Assessment 2 folder on
    Blackboard).
    Work that has been submitted for assessment in BSB113 in previous semesters cannot be resubmitted for
    assessment. If identified, re-submitted work from previous semesters will be treated as plagiarism.
    2
    Table of Contents
    Background ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
    References .................................................................................................................................................... 3
    Research task .................................................................................................................................................... 4
    Instructions for research essay .......................................................................................................................... 5
    Your audience’s background knowledge in economics ................................................................................. 5
    Informed critical content................................................................................................................................. 5
    Maximum word length .................................................................................................................................... 5
    Presentation and submission ........................................................................................................................ 5
    Researching for your research essay ............................................................................................................ 6
    Reading hints and tips ................................................................................................................................... 7
    Helpful advice on writing your research essay .............................................................................................. 7
    Further support for Assessment 2 ................................................................................................................. 8
    Criterion Reference Assessment for Assessment Item 2: research essay ................................................... 9
    3
    Background
    You are on work experience at the farm lobby group Canegrowers. Over a morning tea break a discussion
    begins about how the UK celebrity chef, Jamie Oliver, is credited with successfully lobbying the UK
    Government to introduce a tax on sugary drinks (Bourke, March 17 2016). There are a few comments about
    the merits of “celebrities” throwing their weight behind “politics”. However, the conversation takes a different
    turn when someone pulls up statistics on their smart phone on obesity. The statistics are scary. For example,
    in 2011–12, 62.8% of Australians aged 18 years and over were overweight or obese (ABS, 2013).
    An argument ensues that body weight issues are not the business of policy makers. However, you say that it
    is a bit more complicated than that (remembering something that the lecturer said in a BSB113 lecture) and
    that obesity is associated with increased risk of disease, poor quality of life and imposes a high financial,
    economic and social cost on society (Obesity: a national epidemic and its impact on Australia, 2014).
    Attention in the room now focuses on you. You recall that your lecturer in BSB113 had spoken about how, in
    some markets, where the negative effects are not captured in the price of the good, it can lead to over
    consumption of the good and an inefficient equilibrium. The lecturer had then demonstrated how a tax on the
    good can move the market back to a socially efficient level of consumption. Confident of your understanding
    of the economics you say (to the now captivated tea room audience – talking about economics always has
    that effect on people) that a sugar tax may be a potential solution to the obesity problem. You note that some
    of the recent research for a sugar tax of 20% in Australia has the potential to realise up to 170,000 healthy life
    years over the lifetime of the 2010 Australian adult population (Veermand et al., 2016) 1 .
    However, someone argues that a sugar tax is not the best policy to reduce sugar consumption and that there
    are much better initiatives. You acknowledge that there are indeed other policy initiatives that could reduce
    sugar consumption. Hawkes et al (2015) provides a good summary of alternative policy solutions and a quick
    search on The Conversation reveals how behavioural economics (touched on in lecture 2) can also be used
    as a policy tool in the prevention of obesity (see Marteau (2016)).
    Desperate to draw the conversation to a close (there is a Tim Tam on the side with your name on it) you say
    without a proper economic analysis it would not be appropriate to draw any further conclusion on the topic
    (nice save!).
    References
    Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013). Australian Health Survey: Updated results, 2011-2012. 2013.
    Retrieved from:
    http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/33C64022ABB5ECD5CA257B8200179437?opendocu
    ment
    Bourke, L. (March 17 2016). UK introduces sugar tax on soft drinks, Jamie Oliver urges Australia to follow.
    Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/diet-and-fitness/uk-introduces-
    sugar-tax-on-soft-drinks-that-jamie-oliver-says-will-travel-to-australia-20160316-gnkxoz.html
    Hawkes, C., Smith, T.G., Jewell, J., Wardle, J., Hammond, R.A., Friel,S., Thow, A. M. and, Kain, J. (2015).
    Smart food policies for obesity prevention. The Lancet, 385(9985):2410-2421. DOI:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61745-1. Retrieved from
    http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673614617451
    Obesity: a national epidemic and its impact on Australia. (2014) (1st ed.). Retrieved from
    http://www.Obesityaustralia.org
    Marteau, T. (2016). When it comes to sugary drinks, people prefer a nudge than a tax. The Conversation.
    Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/when-it-comes-to-sugary-drinks-people-prefer-a-nudge-than-
    a-tax-58617
    Veerman J.L., Sacks G., Antonopoulos N. and Martin J (2016) The Impact of a Tax on Sugar-Sweetened
    Beverages on Health and Health Care Costs: A Modelling Study. PLoS ONE, 11(4):e0151460. doi:
    10.1371/journal.pone.0151460. Retrieved from
    http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0151460
    1 How good is Google Scholar when you find yourself in a tight corner?
    4
    Research task
    Your contribution to the tea room discussion was overheard by the CEO. The CEO was impressed by your
    insights and has asked that you write a critical overview of the introduction of a sugar tax in Australia from an
    economics perspective.
    You email your Unit Coordinator for Economics desperate for some help. Louisa suggests breaking your report
    down as follows:
    1. An overview of the obesity epidemic globally and in Australia. This should include the size of the problem
    (no pun intended) and the estimated cost of obesity to the nation.
    Hint: As an economist, we generally start by framing the problem. We also refer to this as setting the
    context. In this part of your essay, you need to clearly articulate what the issue is from a societal
    perspective. This is not simply a case of stating “I think it is a problem because …”. You need to present
    and information (including data) on the impact of obesity etc. and the proposed changes to policy.
    2. A description of the relevant economic model to show how a sugar tax would reduce consumption of
    “unhealthy foods” (e.g. sugary drinks).
    Hint: So what is the economic theory that underpins your economic analysis? We have been pretty focused
    on developing one key theory so far this semester. Remember that “X” marks the spot! In this case it is
    over consumption of a good that is potentially leading to a socially inefficient outcome. To correct for that,
    you can use an economic theory to demonstrate how decreasing sugar consumption will move the market
    to a socially efficient level of consumption. And yes — you will be expected to include a relevant graph of
    the economic theory!
    3. A critical analysis as to whether a sugar tax will be effective in practice in correcting the market failure.
    Your critical analysis should be informed by the academic literature.
    Hint: You are working with a word limit so you will need to be selective and concise with your arguments.
    Again, your analysis needs to be objective, we expect you to draw on appropriate academic literature
    and/or present empirical evidence to support your arguments about either the limitation of the proposed
    policy and suggest alternative policies that may be more effective or appropriate. To keep it manageable,
    Louisa has suggested your critical analysis should include:
    a) a brief discussion of TWO potential limitations of the sugar tax.
    HINT: There is a long list of potential limitations including how the elasticity properties of the good
    being taxed may affect the effectiveness of the tax. Other issues include government failure rent
    seeking behaviour, the private interest view of government regulation and the potential equity
    implication of the tax (though as always Louisa points out this list is not exhaustive).
    b) ONE policy alternative
    HINT: Keep it simple. Give an overview of how the policy will work and a summary of the potential
    strengths and weaknesses of that policy. Note, you are not required to say that the alternative policy
    is better, simply that it addresses the problem in a different way.
    Recommended readings
    Note that there is a list of references provided in the “Background” section to this document. These are also
    the recommended readings for this assessment. However, this is not an exhaustive list of references.
    You are also expected to research the literature yourself (refer to the Criterion Reference Assessment (CRA))
    table at the end of this document). 
    5
    Instructions for research essay
    You are reminded that this is an academic piece of work. It is expected that:
      you will write an unbiased informed critical economic essay and not a political document
      your essay is academically rigorous with references to relevant data and academic literature
      you will not get drawn into reporting emotive arguments (interesting as they are).
    Your audience’s background knowledge in economics
    Whilst the CEO of Canegrowers does not have any formal economics training, he has picked up an
    understanding of economic theory and terminology. He is regularly exposed to documents drafted by
    economists and follows contemporary economic analysis in the media. For example, he is a regular reader of
    publications such as The Economist and takes a keen interest in economic articles published by economists
    for a wider audience in The Conversation (online) and Australian Policy Online.
    Informed critical content
    You are required to include a range of relevant scholarly sources that supports the flow and critical content of
    the discussion. All sources cited must be referenced using APA style. For further information refer to Cite|Write
    http://www.citewrite.qut.edu.au/
    If in doubt about how to cite and reference a source please seek help from the subject librarian.
    Maximum word length
    Your research essay has a MAXIMUM WORD limit of 1400 words (excluding your reference list – but inclusive
    of in-text citations). A suggested word count breakdown (to get you started) is presented below for the
    breakdown of the research essay task (you may deviate from this is practice):
    1. introduction .... 150 words
    2. setting the context ... 250 words.
    3. a description of the relevant economic model... 450 words
    4. a critical analysis of the key arguments ... 450 words
    5. conclusion ...100 words
    Note that your report should also include both an introduction and conclusion and should be in proportion to
    the length of the narrative being written (in other words don’t overdo it in the intro or conclusion as that means
    less words for the important bits).
    The above word count is a starting point. Your actual word count for each section will be specific to your
    individual essay (informed by the weighting in the criteria reference assessment table at the end of this
    document).
    Presentation and submission
    It is expected that you will present your document in the form of a short essay.
    No appendices are allowed. If appendices are submitted they will be disregarded by the marker.
    You are advised of the following stylistic requirements:
      use font type Arial, font size 10 (minimum)
      line spacing should be single or no greater than1.25
      margins should be set at 2.3cm
      all diagrams should be reproduced either by hand or imbedded in your document using a draw tool. For
    example, Paint or the draw tool in Word, 2 or Excel. If you draw the diagrams by hand you will need to scan
    2 See http://office.microsoft.com/en-au/word-help/draw-a-curve-or-circle-shape-HA010208316.aspx?CTT=3#BM14. There are also a lot of good
    instructions on the internet (including Youtube) on how to construct diagrams using the Draw tool in Word.
    6
    them so they can be incorporated in your SafeAssign submission. Cutting and pasting of diagrams from
    other documents is not acceptable and will be marked as copying (refer to CRA).
      all pages should be numbered (bottom footer right hand side) and include your student number (top
    header, right hand side)
      include a title page. This should include your name, student number and tutor’s name.
    Final submission of your work is through SafeAssign via the BSB113 Blackboard website. You should also
    keep a copy of your work for your own records.
    Assessment submitted after the due date without an approved extension will not be marked and will receive a
    grade of 1 or 0%. If special circumstances prevent you from meeting the assessment due date, you can apply
    for an extension. If you don’t have an approved extension you should submit the work you have completed by
    the due date and it will be marked against the assessment criteria.
    Researching for your research essay
    Your work should be informed and supported by appropriate literature. Your research (or reading) of this
    literature informs your analysis, arguments, critique, conclusions etc. Therefore, the quality of your research
    will directly influence the quality of your work. In academia “appropriate literature” means that you should be
    principally researching scholarly sources.
    Examples of scholarly sources include:
      Academic journals
      University working papers/publications
      Government and related departments/organisations reports (e.g. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS))
      International economic organisations articles and reports (e.g. OECD, United Nations and World Bank)
      Central Bank articles and reports (e.g. Reserve Bank of Australia)
    Examples of high quality sources of relevant data would include ABS, OECD, World Bank, Government reports
    etc.
    代写assignment BSB113 Economics Semester 2 2016
    A common theme of all of the above published literature is that it is peer reviewed. Peer review is a process
    that is used to ensure that published work represents the best scholarship currently available (and is also
    technically correct, not misleading etc.). In contrast, non-peer reviewed literature represents the opinion of the
    authors with only their guarantee that it is the best work possible.
    Reliance on non-scholarly sources as part of your research is to be avoided. Examples of non-scholarly
    sources include:
      newspaper reports
      magazines articles
      non-peer reviewed articles and reports (be careful of private consultation reports, political papers etc.)
      subject-based dictionaries and/or glossaries (including Wikipedia)
      personal blogs/websites
    Non-scholarly sources do have a role. As a matter of course you should be informing yourself about
    contemporary issues by reading a range of non-scholarly sources (e.g. by reading the newspaper). Within non-
    scholarly sources there is a hierarchy of more acceptable publications that you should engage with. These
    include good quality newspapers (e.g. The Australian and The Financial Review) and specialist magazines
    (e.g. The Economist, The Conversation (online)).
    Similarly, Wikipedia is a great starting point for looking up definitions or getting an overview of a subject.
    However, using Wikipedia as a key source in your work simply demonstrates that you have failed to engage
    in the challenging, but rewarding, academic exercise of researching high-quality scholarly resources.
    7
    Reading hints and tips
    Is there a “trick” for working your way through the reading. Fortunately there is.
      scanning the documents and locating specific words or phrases that are of interest. Focus on headings
    and subheadings, the contents page itself and the index for specific words (Top tip: it is easy to search
    PDF documents for keywords).
      when reading, be strategic. Some papers may be useful to support your arguments, other may not.
      get some help on how to read research papers. Studywell (http://www.studywell.library.qut.edu.au/) has
    some excellent advice on how to read (fast) and digest research papers.
    Helpful advice on writing your research essay
    Your writing style needs to be clear and efficient (after all you only have 1400 words). Some key advice would
    be:
      remember structure in writing - introduce, discuss and conclude.
      use short sentences - long sentences lose the reader.
      one argument/idea per paragraph.
    This assessment is a formal academic piece of writing. The words and language style you use will convey this.
    Language used should be appropriate. Things to avoid include informal language, shorthand or colloquialisms.
    A short check list of advice would include:
      use “do not” instead “don’t”
      use “cannot” instead of “can’t”
      write in the third person – avoid using personal pronouns. For example: “Research shows that ….”
    rather than “I think that …”.
    Descriptions should be quantified and/or relative to a comparable benchmark. For example:
      instead of saying “there was a massive increase in China’s economic growth” you would phrase it as
    “China’s economic growth, as measured by GDP, increased by X% over the period (include citation of
    where your evidence came from)”.
      instead of saying “GDP in China was better than everyone else’s” you would phrase it “GDP in China
    increased by X%. In comparison it fell by X% in USA and X% in the UK (include citation of where your
    evidence came from).”
    Tables and figures in themselves do nothing to enhance an argument unless they are clear AND explained
    AND interpreted by you for the reader.
    When inserting a table or figure into your work it is good practice to give each a number (e.g. Figure 1, Table
    1) and title it (the title should describe what the table or figure is presenting) and refer to the table or figure
    number explicitly in the text.
    Place the table or figure as near to the paragraph that you are going to discuss it in (either directly above or
    below). An example is given below in Figure 1.
    If you have hand drawn your tables and figures attach them to the end of your document.
    8
    Figure 1. How to present diagrams and tables
    In your reading, you will come across tables and figures that may be useful in explaining or supporting a point
    that you want to make in your own work. Try to avoid cutting and pasting from articles and the text book.
    Relevant tables and figures should be adapted to support your work and referenced. Figures (especially those
    relating to theory) can be redrawn in Paint or Word (using the draw tool). Similarly, tables of data can be
    created in Excel and imported into Word (or created in Word using the table tool).
    Further support for Assessment 2
    Support for this assessment item includes:
      Lecture 2/ tutorial 2
      Lecture 4/ tutorial 4
      Lecture 7/ tutorial 7
      Consultations with tutors
      Supporting documentation (including this document)
    Please note tutors will be prepared to discuss your approach but will not read drafts.
    In addition to the above, generic skills support and help can be sought from a range of sources:
      4S workshops
    o  See Blackboard and https://www.library.qut.edu.au/events/
      Student Learning Advisors
    o  http://www.student.qut.edu.au/about/faculties-institutes-and-
    divisions/faculties/business/study-support/student-learning-advisers
      Study smart
    o  http://studysmart.library.qut.edu.au/
    Vessel ownership was also a significant factor affecting efficiency. In general, vessels belonging to
    larger companies were more efficient than those belonging to smaller companies, which in turn
    were more efficient than owner-operators. This may reflect the greater level of information sharing
    that can occur within a larger company fleet, but may also reflect fleet management skills, with the
    larger companies having better fleet managers. Alternatively, the larger companies may be able to
    attract and keep the better skippers and crew.
    Figure 1. Among-vessel distribution of technical efficiency scores
    Although the decline in boat numbers between 1995 and 2007 may have had a negative impact on
    technical efficiency, the removal of older vessels through buyback and consolidation, and
    replacement of some older vessels by newer vessels resulted in a net increase in average technical
    efficiency in the fishery. The mean technical efficiency in 2007 was 0.793, compared to a mean
    technical efficiency score of 0.736 over the period 1995-2000. Although the mean efficiency scores
    appear to differ only marginally, the distribution of scores shifted to the right (Figure 1), with a
    higher proportion of vessels having high technical efficiency scores (i.e. ≥ 0.8).
    Source
    Pascoe, S., Punt, A., Coglan, L. and Dichmont, C. (forthcoming 2012). Impacts of vessel capacity
    reduction programs on efficiency in fisheries: The case of Australia’s multispecies northern prawn
    fishery. Journal of Agriculture Economics.
    0%
    5%
    10%
    15%
    20%
    25%
    30%
    35%
    40%
    <0.6 0.60-0.65 0.65-0.70 0.70-0.75 0.75-0.80 0.80-0.85 0.85-0.90
    Technical efficiency
    Frequency
    1995-2000
    2007
    9
    Criterion Reference Assessment for Assessment Item 2: research essay
    Assessme
    nt task #
    GRADE
    7  6  5  4  <4
    Weight  100%  85%  84%  75%  74%  65%  65%  50%  49%  0%
    1
    Set the context with
    reference to appropriate
    data sources and policy.
    Data has been
    appropriately presented
    and explained.
    (KS 1.2)
    15%  A clear and complete
    account is given which is
    well-informed by
    supporting data and
    policy. Data are
    appropriately presented
    (e.g. in tables or graphs)
    and their relevance and
    meaning have been
    clearly and concisely
    explained.
    A complete outline is
    given which is informed
    by supporting data and
    policy. Data are
    appropriately presented
    (e.g. in tables or graphs)
    and their relevance and
    meaning have been
    explained.
    An outline is given which is
    informed by supporting data
    and policy. Data are presented
    appropriately (e.g. in tables,
    graphs etc) but their relevance
    and meaning are not always
    clear and/or they are causally
    referred to.
    The outline is given. The
    policy context is incomplete.
    The relevant supporting data
    are incomplete. Data that are
    presented is relevant but
    presentation could be
    improved. Data are only
    occasionally referred to.
    Either there is NO outline
    AND/OR the policy and
    relevant supporting data
    are incorrect or omitted.
    Data are poorly
    presented. Data are not
    referred to.
    代写assignment BSB113 Economics Semester 2 2016
    2
    Presented and described
    the appropriate economic
    theory, model and/or
    framework.
    (KS 1.1)
    25%  There is a clear, concise
    and accurate description
    of the relevant economic
    theories and/or models.
    There is a description of
    the relevant economic
    theories and/or models.
    The relevant economic
    theories and/or models are
    identified. There may be some
    minor errors.
    The relevant economic
    theories and/or models are
    incomplete There are a few
    errors.
    The relevant economic
    theories and/or models
    are incorrect or omitted.
    There is a large number of
    errors/inconsistencies.
    3
    Presented an analysis of
    the potential economic
    issues.
    (HO 2.1)
    40%  An excellent critical
    analysis of a range of
    economic issues which
    is underpinned by
    economic theory and/or
    appropriate supporting
    evidence
    An analysis of a range of
    economic issues under
    pinned by economic
    theory and/or appropriate
    supporting evidence
    An analysis of some of the
    economic issues with evidence
    of some reference to theory
    and/or appropriate supporting
    evidence.
    An overview of a limited set
    of potential economic issues
    Limited reference to theory
    and/or appropriate
    supporting evidence.
    There is a very limited OR
    no identification of any
    potential economic issues
    AND/OR there is very
    limited or no reference to
    theory AND/OR relevant
    supporting evidence
    1,2,3
    Used a range of relevant
    scholarly sources to
    support content and
    arguments.
    (PC 3.1)
    10%  Incorporated relevant
    recommended readings
    to support content and
    arguments AND a
    selection of additional
    relevant scholarly
    sources that substantially
    supports the critical
    content of the discussion.
    Incorporated relevant
    recommended readings
    to support arguments and
    discussion AND a limited
    range of relevant
    scholarly sources that
    supports the critical
    content of the discussion.
    Incorporated relevant
    recommended readings to
    support arguments and
    discussion. There are no
    additional references OR
    additional references are from
    non-scholarly sources.
    Limited evidence of
    incorporating recommended
    readings to support
    arguments and discussion.
    There are no additional
    references OR additional
    references are from non-
    scholarly sources.
    Very limited evidence of
    having read the
    recommended readings
    AND/OR any additional
    references use are
    irrelevant AND/ OR from
    non scholarly sources.
    1,2,3
    Presented an appropriately
    written academic document
    which consistently adhered
    to APA style conventions
    for references.
    (PC 3.1)
    10%  An excellent standard of
    academic writing is
    achieved. The writing
    style is clear, concise and
    objective. The structure
    of the essay is logical. All
    sources are consistently
    and accurately reference
    (both in-text citation and
    in the reference list)
    A good standard of
    academic writing is
    achieved. The writing
    style is clear, concise and
    objective. The structure of
    the essay is logical. There
    is a high level of accuracy
    in referencing (both in-
    text citations and
    reference list) for all
    sources used.
    A competent standard of
    academic writing is achieved.
    The writing style is clear but
    sometimes lacks objectivity.
    The structure mostly follows a
    logical sequence. There are a
    few minor inaccuracies in the
    referencing of sources (both in-
    text citations and reference
    list).
    The standard of academic
    writing could be improved.
    The writing style is
    reasonably clear but lacks
    objectivity. The structure
    could be improved. There are
    a number of inaccuracies in
    the referencing of sources
    (both in-text citations and
    reference list)
    The standard of academic
    writing is poor. The writing
    style is unclear and
    confusing. The structure
    presented is not logical.
    There may be evidence of
    plagiarism OR lack of
    acknowledgement of
    sources AND/OR
    referencing is largely
    inaccurate AND/OR
    inconsistent.
    10
    代写assignment BSB113 Economics Semester 2 2016
    Your notes on assessment 2
    代写assignment BSB113 Economics Semester 2 2016